2025 Washington Knife Laws

Introduction: Understanding Washington State Knife Laws

The legal landscape surrounding the ownership, carrying, and sale of knives in Washington State is multifaceted, requiring careful consideration to ensure compliance and promote public safety. This report aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of these regulations, drawing upon available information to clarify the distinctions between state-level laws and local ordinances. Understanding these regulations is paramount for individuals who own, carry, or intend to purchase knives, as violations can lead to legal penalties. The complexity of these laws arises from the interplay between broad state statutes and the specific needs and concerns of individual cities and counties, necessitating a thorough examination of both.

General Laws on Knife Possession and Sale in Washington

Washington State law generally permits the possession of a wide array of knives, including common types such as folding knives, pocket knives, hunting knives, and utility knives. Certain styles, like Bowie knives, dirks, daggers, and stilettos, are also typically legal to own and openly carry. This broad allowance for possessing many types of knives suggests that the state’s regulatory framework is primarily concerned with the manner in which these tools are carried and used, rather than simply their ownership. The focus appears to be on preventing the misuse or alarming display of knives in public spaces.

However, there are specific categories of knives that are explicitly prohibited under Washington State law. Switchblades, also known as spring blade knives, are illegal to own, manufacture, sell, or possess. Similarly, gravity knives and butterfly knives (balisong knives) are also prohibited. Additionally, metal knuckle knives are listed among the banned items. The specific prohibition of these types of knives, particularly those designed for rapid deployment, indicates a legislative concern regarding knives perceived as having a greater potential for offensive use or posing a heightened risk in public settings. This legal stance against switchblades, gravity knives, and butterfly knives remains consistent across various sources, underscoring a clear prohibition on these designs due to their perceived inherent dangers.

A recent legislative development involves Senate Bill 5860, passed in February 2024, which removed spring blade knives from the definition of “dangerous weapon”. This change signifies a potential shift in the state’s perspective on these knives. However, it is crucial to note that despite this reclassification, restrictions on carrying and knowingly possessing spring blade knives in specific locations, such as schools and childcare facilities, remain in effect. This legislative action highlights the evolving nature of knife laws and the importance of staying informed about recent changes.

Regarding the sale of knives, Washington State law does not specify a minimum age for purchasing them. This means that both adults and minors can technically buy knives. However, individual stores and retailers may implement policies that restrict sales to minors. The absence of a state-mandated minimum age for purchase, while allowing minors to legally acquire knives in some instances, contrasts with the restrictions placed on their ability to carry them in public. This suggests a nuanced approach where the state is more concerned with the potential risks associated with minors carrying knives in public spaces, particularly in sensitive areas like schools, rather than their mere ownership of such items.

Open Carry of Knives in Washington State

The open carry of knives is generally permitted under Washington State law for most legal types of knives, including Bowie knives, dirks, daggers, and stilettos. There is no specific state law that explicitly prohibits the open carrying of knives. However, this general allowance comes with an important caveat: the manner of carrying the knife must not alarm others. If an individual’s open display of a knife causes fear or concern in others, it could potentially lead to legal issues.

RCW 9.41.270 further clarifies this by making it unlawful for any person to carry, exhibit, display, or draw any weapon, including knives, in a manner, under circumstances, and at a time and place that either manifests an intent to intimidate another person or causes alarm for the safety of others. This provision introduces a degree of subjectivity, as the interpretation of what constitutes “alarming” or “intent to intimidate” can vary among law enforcement officers and the public. Therefore, while open carry is generally legal, individuals must exercise caution and discretion to avoid actions that could be perceived as threatening or could cause undue public concern.

Furthermore, it is crucial to be aware that local ordinances in various cities and counties across Washington State may impose stricter regulations on the open carry of knives than those at the state level. For instance, major cities like Seattle, Tacoma, and Vancouver have implemented ordinances that prohibit the open carry of any knife considered “dangerous,” which they define as a knife with a blade longer than three and a half inches. The existence of these stricter local regulations underscores the principle that state law provides a baseline, but individual jurisdictions can enact more stringent rules based on their specific needs and public safety considerations. Residents and visitors must therefore be aware of both state and local laws to ensure compliance.

Concealed Carry of Knives in Washington State

The concealed carry of knives in Washington State is generally subject to stricter regulations compared to open carry. State law generally prohibits the concealed carrying of knives, particularly those with blades longer than three and a half inches. Specifically, concealing a dirk, dagger, or any dangerous weapon is illegal. RCW 9.41.250 further specifies that it is a gross misdemeanor to furtively carry with the intent to conceal any dagger, dirk, pistol, or other dangerous weapon. The use of the term “furtively” suggests an emphasis on the manner of concealment and the intent behind it, implying that the act of hiding a potentially dangerous weapon is viewed with greater concern than openly carrying one.

A key restriction regarding concealed carry is the blade length. As mentioned, knives with blades exceeding three and a half inches are generally prohibited from being carried concealed. However, there are certain exceptions to this general prohibition. Individuals engaged in lawful activities such as hunting or fishing are typically permitted to carry concealed knives, even those with longer blades, as these are often necessary tools for such activities. Additionally, exceptions may exist for individuals whose professions require them to carry knives, such as those in certain trades or occupations. Law enforcement officers and military personnel may also be exempt from certain concealed carry restrictions due to the nature of their duties.

It is important to note that the provided information does not indicate any specific permit requirements for the concealed carry of knives with blades shorter than three and a half inches. However, the overarching prohibition on concealing “dangerous weapons” still applies, and the definition of what constitutes a “dangerous weapon” can sometimes be subject to interpretation. Unlike firearms, where concealed carry often necessitates permits, the legality of concealed knife carry in Washington State appears to primarily hinge on blade length and the classification of the knife as a “dangerous weapon.”

Specific Types of Prohibited Knives

Washington State law explicitly prohibits the possession, sale, or manufacture of the following knives:

• Switchblades/Spring Blade Knives: While recent legislation (SB 5860) removed them from the “dangerous weapon” category, restrictions on carrying them in sensitive areas remain.

• Gravity Knives and Butterfly Knives (Balisong Knives): These knives are prohibited due to their potential for rapid deployment and perceived danger.
• Metal Knuckle Knives: These knives are also prohibited because they pose heightened risks in public spaces.

While the open carry of dirks and daggers is legal, concealing these weapons is prohibited due to their design, which is primarily for stabbing. This distinction highlights public safety concerns regarding concealed dangerous weapons.

Age Restrictions for Knife Ownership and Possession

In Washington State, there is no explicit legal minimum age for purchasing knives at the state level. This means that, technically, both adults and minors can purchase knives. However, individual retailers may have their own policies that restrict the sale of knives to minors.

While the state does not impose a strict age limit on purchasing, there are specific restrictions on carrying knives, particularly for minors. Individuals under the age of 18 may face limitations on carrying dangerous weapons without adult supervision. Moreover, it is illegal for minors to carry knives in locations where they could be dangerous or cause alarm, such as schools. Schools in Washington State typically have strict zero-tolerance policies regarding knives on school premises to ensure the safety and well-being of students and staff. This difference between the ability to purchase and the limitations on carrying knives for minors highlights the state’s focus on preventing potential misuse in public spaces, especially in educational settings.

Additionally, Washington State law prohibits the possession of knives in areas that are off-limits to individuals under 21 by the state liquor and cannabis board¹. This restriction links knife regulations to those concerning alcohol and cannabis, suggesting a concern about the potential for weapon use in environments where judgment might be impaired or where certain age groups are restricted from entry.

City and County Ordinances in Major Washington Areas

Beyond the statewide regulations, several major cities and counties in Washington State have enacted their own ordinances that impose additional restrictions on knives. These local ordinances often go beyond the scope of state law, reflecting the specific needs and public safety concerns of these jurisdictions.

Notably, cities like Seattle, Tacoma, and Vancouver have implemented stricter regulations concerning blade length. In these cities, both the open and concealed carry of any knife considered a “dangerous knife,” which is defined as having a blade longer than three and a half inches, is prohibited. This local restriction is more stringent than the state’s general guideline for concealed carry and highlights the importance of checking local laws. For example, Seattle has specific rules that define “dangerous knives” based on their blade length, further emphasizing the need for individuals to be aware of the specific ordinances in their locality. The variations in knife laws at the local level underscore the principle of non-preemption in Washington State, where local jurisdictions have the authority to create more restrictive laws than the state.

Recent Legislative Changes and Updates

Washington State’s knife laws have been subject to recent legislative activity, indicating an ongoing evolution in these regulations. Senate Bill 5860, which passed the Senate in February 2024 and took effect on July 1, 2024, represents a significant change regarding spring blade knives. This bill removed spring blade knives from the definition of “dangerous weapon” under state law. However, it is crucial to note that while the classification has changed, the bill maintains prohibitions on carrying and knowingly possessing these knives in specific locations, including school premises, licensed childcare centers, law enforcement and judicial facilities, and areas off-limits to those under 21. This legislative action reflects a partial deregulation of switchblades, potentially influenced by arguments about their utility and the laws in other states, but the continued restrictions in sensitive areas indicate ongoing safety concerns.

Another significant recent legislative change is Senate Bill 5444, which was signed into law in March 2024 and went into effect on June 6, 2024 . This bill introduces a new restriction by banning the possession of any knife at a “transit station,” which includes bus, train, and trolley stops. This means that carrying any type of knife, regardless of its blade length or whether it is carried openly or concealed, will be illegal at these designated locations. This new law signifies a move towards stricter regulations in specific public spaces, likely driven by concerns about safety and security on public transportation. The broad nature of the ban suggests a heightened level of caution regarding knives in these environments.

As of the information available, primarily up to early 2024, no other major statewide legislative changes concerning knife laws are explicitly detailed. However, the active involvement of knife rights organizations, such as the American Knife and Tool Institute (AKTI) and Knife Rights, suggests that knife laws in Washington State remain an area of ongoing legislative and public discussion, and further changes may occur in the future.

Resources for Understanding Washington Knife Laws

For individuals seeking to understand the specifics of Washington State knife laws, several resources are available. The primary source of law is the Revised Code of Washington (RCW). Specific statutes relevant to knife laws include RCW 9.41.250 (Dangerous weapons – Penalty), RCW 9.41.270 (Weapons capable of producing bodily harm – Unlawful carrying or handling – Penalty – Exceptions), and RCW 9.41.280 (Possessing dangerous weapons on school facilities – Penalty – Exceptions). These statutes provide the foundational legal framework for knife regulations in the state.

In addition to state law, it is essential to consult the local municipal codes of the specific city or county in question to understand any additional ordinances that may be in place. These local codes can contain regulations that are more restrictive than state law, particularly in urban areas. The official websites of law enforcement agencies in Washington State may also offer some information or clarification on local interpretations and enforcement of knife laws.

For specific legal advice or when there is uncertainty about the application of knife laws in a particular situation, consulting with a qualified attorney is always recommended. Legal professionals specializing in weapons laws can provide tailored guidance based on individual circumstances.

Furthermore, knife rights organizations, such as the American Knife and Tool Institute (AKTI) and Knife Rights, often provide updates on legislative changes and offer educational resources on knife laws. These organizations advocate for knife owners’ rights and work to inform the public about relevant legal developments.

It is worth noting that the provided information does not explicitly mention a centralized, user-friendly resource from the Washington State government that provides clear explanations of all aspects of knife laws for the general public. This suggests that individuals may need to navigate the primary legal documents (RCW and local codes) or seek expert advice to gain a comprehensive understanding of their rights and responsibilities regarding knife ownership and carry in Washington State.

Table 1: Prohibited Knives in Washington State

Table 2: Summary of Carry Regulations in Washington State

Table 3: Examples of Local Knife Ordinances in Major Washington Cities

Conclusion: Navigating Washington State Knife Laws

In conclusion, Washington State’s knife laws present a complex regulatory environment that requires careful attention to both state statutes and local ordinances. While the state generally permits the possession of a wide variety of knives, it specifically prohibits certain types, such as switchblades, gravity knives, and butterfly knives. Recent legislative changes have modified the classification of spring blade knives, but restrictions on their carry in specific locations persist, and a new law bans all knives in transit stations.

The open carry of legal knives is generally allowed at the state level, provided it does not alarm others, but local jurisdictions, particularly major cities like Seattle, Tacoma, and Vancouver, have implemented stricter blade length restrictions. Concealed carry is generally prohibited for knives with blades exceeding three and a half inches, with exceptions for activities like hunting and fishing. Age restrictions primarily focus on the carrying of knives by minors in sensitive locations like schools, with no explicit state minimum age for purchasing.

The significant variations in knife laws between the state and local levels underscore the importance of individuals being aware of the specific regulations in their area. Furthermore, the recent legislative changes highlight the dynamic nature of these laws, necessitating that residents and visitors stay informed about any future updates. Ultimately, responsible knife ownership and carry in Washington State require a thorough understanding of the applicable laws at both the state and local levels, along with a commitment to prioritizing public safety and avoiding any actions that could be perceived as threatening or alarming.